Effect Modification and Design Sensitivity in Observational Studies

Effect Modification and Design Sensitivity in Observational Studies

in Observational Studies Jesse Y. Hsu1, Dylan S. Small, Paul R. Rosenbaum University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Summary. In an observational study of treatment effects, subjects are not randomly assigned to treatment or control, so differing outcomes in treated and control groups may reflect a bias from nonrandom assignment rather than a treatment effect. After adjusting for measured pretrea...

Design Sensitivity in Observational Studies

If an observational study were free of unobserved bias, we would not know this from the observed data. The best we could hope to say is that only very large unobserved biases could alter the conclusions of the study. What features of the design of an observational study reduce its sensitivity to unobserved biases? How can designs for observational studies be compared quantitatively in terms of ...

Split Samples and Design Sensitivity in Observational Studies

Ruth Heller, Paul R. Rosenbaum and Dylan S. Small University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Abstract. An observational or nonrandomized study of treatment e¤ects may be biased by failure to control for some relevant covariate that was not measured. The design of an observational study is known to strongly a¤ect its sensitivity to biases from covariates that were not observed. For instance, the c...

Correct sampling in observational studies.

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Sensitivity Analysis in Observational Studies